THE ROLE OF FM 4910 COMPLIANCE: CHOOSING YOUR FM 4910 MATERIALS WITH CONFIDENCE

Safe and quality materials are important factors in the highly regulated semiconductor and cleanroom manufacturing industry. Because of this demand, selecting products that adhere to the Factory Mutual (FM) 4910 criteria for fire-retardant plastics are a necessity. We hope that this blog will provide a better understanding of the FM 4910 standard, its rigorous testing protocol, and the essential characteristics of plastics that meet these stringent requirements. Additionally, we will explore the significance of selecting suitable materials in cleanroom applications and offer recommendations for industry professionals. 

Understanding FM 4910 Criteria 

The FM 4910 standard covers a set of guidelines specifically for materials employed in cleanroom applications established by the Factory Mutual System, a renowned industrial insurance organization. This test standard evaluates the material’s fire propagation behavior, expressed as “Fire Propagation Index (FPI), and potential for smoke contamination, expressed as Smoke Damage Index (SDI) (1ANSI/FM Test protocol).” This means that the FM 4910 Cleanroom Materials Flammability Test Protocol rigorously evaluates a material's ability to resist fire propagation and minimizes smoke emissions during a fire event. 

What does the FM 4910 test protocol cover? 

To achieve FM 4910 compliance, the test protocol focuses on 3 critical assessments that cover the Fire Propagation Index (FPI) and the Smoke Damage Index (SDI): 

1. Ignition test: During this assessment, the sample is exposed to constant external heat flux values and different parameters are calculated during the test to help determine the material's resistance to ignition. 
2. Fire propagation test: This protocol requires exposing the bottom of a sample to an external heat flux. The test is carried out until no visible flames and material vapors are emitted from any side of the sample. The aim is to observe if the fire will spread from the heat generated by its flame. The Fire Propagation Index (FPI) is then determined, which indicates the material's tendency to support fire propagation. 
3. Combustion test: Similar to the other two assessments, external heat flux is applied to the sample and different parameters are measured during the test to help determine the Smoke Damage Index (SDI). Then, the SDI is calculated based on the amount of smoke produced. This index is a crucial tool in determining the extent of smoke contamination in the environment during the spread of a fire. 

What do we expect to see on FM 4910-Compliant Plastics? 

It is stated that “cleanroom materials shall satisfy both criteria: Fire Propagation Index (FPI) and Smoke Damage Index (SDI)” (FM class 4910), but other characteristics also are important for cleanroom and semiconductor applications. These include: 

• Low Flame Spread Index: FM 4910-compliant plastics demonstrate a low flame spread index which translates to a reduced ignition and burning rate. 
• Minimal Smoke Emission: These materials generate minimal smoke during the combustion process, helping minimize risks of contamination in cleanroom environments. 
• High Chemical Resistance: FM 4910-compliant plastics can exhibit chemical resistance to substances commonly found in cleanroom environments, such as solvents and acids. 

FM 4910 Materials and Contamination 

In the semiconductor industry even the smallest particle or impurity can impact the quality and functionality of microelectronic devices. Therefore, it is important to select materials that can minimize risk of contamination, which FM 4910 materials can help with. These materials have low particle shedding, often have smooth surface finish, leaving fewer crevices and areas where contaminants can accumulate. Their chemical resistance also helps prevent chemical reactions that could generate harmful particles or by-products. 

Recommendations for Industry Professionals 

Those working in the semiconductor and cleanroom sectors should prioritize FM 4910 compliances when specifying materials for cleanroom applications and other regulated areas within the industry. 

Here are some valuable tips to assist in the material selection process and ensure a secure working environment: 

• Work with reputable suppliers and manufacturers who offer FM 4910-compliant plastics. They are required to meet stringent requirements and are audited regularly by Factory Mutual to ensure full compliance across the entire production process. 
• Conduct thorough research to identify the specific requirements of the cleanroom environment and select materials that match those needs. 
• Train your team on how to handle and maintain your FM 4910 materials to optimize their longevity. 

Applications in Semiconductor and Cleanroom Manufacturing 

The adoption of the FM 4910 standard in the semiconductor and cleanroom industries has been driven from the substantial risks associated with fires in these environments and the presence of volatile chemicals in these settings leading to significant safety and damage concerns. Manufacturers can reduce the risk of fires by carefully selecting materials that meet the FM 4910 criteria and maintain a safer, more controlled environment.

PLASKOLITE’s Thermax XL PVC has a low flame spread index, reducing the likelihood of igniting and burning quickly. This quality is important for maintaining a fire-safe environment in cleanrooms. Thermax XL PVC stands up to the harsh chemicals commonly used in cleanroom environments like solvents, acids, and more. Even under tough conditions, it will provide durability and longevity. Its affordability does not compromise its fire-retardant properties, making it a popular choice in various cleanroom applications. 

Cleanroom PVC-C is designed to withstand higher temperatures than standard PVC, making it more suitable for applications where elevated temperature is part of the process. Our PVC-C material has a low flame spread and exhibits exceptional fire resistance, providing an added layer of safety in cleanroom environments. Like Thermax XL PVC, PVC-C is highly chemical resistant, ensuring longevity and suitability in cleanrooms with corrosive substances. In addition, our selection of thickness options is highly diverse, providing complete flexibility to meet all the specific needs and requirements of the semiconductor industry. 

CORZAN® sheet, with its unique features, can be used for various industrial applications, including the semiconductor segment. CORZAN sheet is FM 4910 listed, so you can use it for areas and equipment that require materials to limit fire propagation and smoke generation. You can also find our FM 4910 listed CORZAN® sheet in a variety of gauges. Our non-white CPVC sheet can be bent, shaped, and welded, while also handling harsh chemicals. 

Our specialized CP-7D (FRPP) is meticulously engineered to meet the stringent requirements of the semiconductor industry. Its formulation allows CP-7D to minimize flame propagation, and to provide a heightened level of safety, mitigating potential fire hazards. CP-7D is ideal for wet process tools, furniture, and cabinetry construction within cleanroom environments. Its exceptional flame-retardant properties make it a reliable choice for ensuring fire safety. Our diverse range of thickness options allows for versatility, catering to many needs and specifications in the semiconductor industry. 

PLASKOLITE offers a wide range of materials that sets us apart as a top-tier choice for semiconductor materials. Our commitment to cutting-edge technology is evident in every aspect of our products. PLASKOLITE’s technical professionals can help provide guidance on material selection and fabrication-based practices depending on process requirements and potential for exposure to various chemicals. 

Our FLAMETEC materials (FM approved) meet the requirements of the FM 4910 protocol delivering exceptional fire resistance with low flame spread and embody the robust chemical resilience synonymous with our brand. This combination of features enhances safety and reliability, making them an ideal choice for critical cleanroom and semiconductor applications. 

As you can see, adhering to the FM 4910 standard is crucial. By following these protocols, you’re not only minimizing fire risk and potential contamination, but you’re also safeguarding the integrity and safety of cleanrooms and other areas.